![]() You should see the following output: Welcome to Anaconda3 2020.11 Now, run the Anaconda installation script to start the installation: bash Anaconda3-2020.11-Linux-x86_64.sh Once you are finished, you can proceed and install Anaconda. Next, go to the Anaconda hashed page and matches the above hash as shown below: You can do this by running the following commands: apt-get update -yĪpt-get upgrade -y Step 2: Download Anacondaįirst, visit the Anaconda download page and download the latest version of the Anaconda installation script with the following command: wget Īfter download is completed, verify the data integrity of the Script using sha256sum command: sha256sum Anaconda3-2020.11-Linux-x86_64.sh Additionally, replace ‘root’ with the username of the admin account if necessary.īefore starting, you have to make sure that all Ubuntu OS packages installed on the server are up to date. You will need to replace ‘IP_Address’ and ‘Port_number’ with your server’s respective IP address and SSH port number. ![]() Step 1: Log in to the Server & Update the Server OS Packagesįirst, log in to your Ubuntu 20.04 server via SSH as the root user: ssh -p Port_number Access to the root user account (or access to an admin account with root privileges).An Ubuntu 20.04 VPS (we’ll be using our SSD 2 VPS plan).Step 1: Log in to the Server & Update the Server OS Packages.
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![]() In Brown's first mainstream movie, he was cast as Viking Lofgren alongside Sean Penn in the 1983 crime drama Bad Boys. īrown is a member of the Sigma Chi Fraternity. Brown has been married to Jeanne Johnson since 1993. Albans, Brown performed the role of Deputy Governor Thomas Danforth in The Crucible. Albans School in Washington, D.C., and Northwestern University. ![]() ![]() The family continued to operate the business until 2010.īrown graduated from St. From 1965 to 1983, Bud Brown also served as a congressman, in the same seat as his own father, and later as Chairman of the Board of Brown Publishing. "Bud" Brown Jr., was a newspaper publisher who helped manage the Brown Publishing Company, the family-owned newspaper business started by Clancy's grandfather, Congressman Clarence J. Their mother, Joyce Helen (Eldridge), was a conductor, composer and concert pianist. Other characters he has voiced include Doctor Neo Cortex and Uka Uka in the Crash Bandicoot franchise (1997–2003), Savage Opress in Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2011–2013), Surtur in Thor: Ragnarok (2017), and Hank Anderson in Detroit: Become Human (2018).Ĭlancy Brown was born on January 5, 1959, in Urbana, Ohio, and had an older sister, Beth who died in 1964. Krabs on SpongeBob SquarePants (1999–present) and Lex Luthor in the DC Animated Universe (1996–2006), and several subsequent DC Comics animated projects. On television, he has played Brother Justin Crowe on the HBO series Carnivàle (2003–2005), Waylon "Jock" Jeffcoat on the Showtime series Billions (2018–2019), and Kurt Caldwell on the Showtime series Dexter: New Blood (2021–2022).īrown provided the voices of Mr. Charles Zim in Starship Troopers (1997), and Stanley Thomas in Promising Young Woman (2020). Byron Hadley in The Shawshank Redemption (1994), Sgt. Prolific in film and television since the 1980s, Brown is often cast in villainous and authoritative roles, and is known for his versatility in both live action and animated productions.īrown's film roles include Viking Lofgren in Bad Boys (1983), The Kurgan in Highlander (1986), Sheriff Gus Gilbert in Pet Sematary Two (1992), Capt. Clarence John "Clancy" Brown III (born January 5, 1959) is an American actor. ![]() The same article establishes the obligation of the contracting parties to prevent and to punish the crime of genocide. The latter is less common but still possible. The Genocide Convention establishes in Article I that the crime of genocide may take place in the context of an armed conflict, international or non-international, but also in the context of a peaceful situation. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group.Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part.Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group.In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: Definition Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide Many States have also criminalized genocide in their domestic law others have yet to do so. Genocide is defined in the same terms as in the Genocide Convention in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Article 6), as well as in the statutes of other international and hybrid jurisdictions. ![]() The definition of the crime of genocide as contained in Article II of the Genocide Convention was the result of a negotiating process and reflects the compromise reached among United Nations Member States in 1948 at the time of drafting the Convention. The ICJ has also stated that the prohibition of genocide is a peremptory norm of international law ( or ius cogens) and consequently, no derogation from it is allowed. This means that whether or not States have ratified the Genocide Convention, they are all bound as a matter of law by the principle that genocide is a crime prohibited under international law. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has repeatedly stated that the Convention embodies principles that are part of general customary international law. The Convention has been ratified by 149 States (as of January 2018). It was codified as an independent crime in the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (the Genocide Convention). Genocide was first recognised as a crime under international law in 1946 by the United Nations General Assembly ( A/RES/96-I). Later on, Raphäel Lemkin led the campaign to have genocide recognised and codified as an international crime. Lemkin developed the term partly in response to the Nazi policies of systematic murder of Jewish people during the Holocaust, but also in response to previous instances in history of targeted actions aimed at the destruction of particular groups of people. It consists of the Greek prefix genos, meaning race or tribe, and the Latin suffix cide, meaning killing. The word “genocide” was first coined by Polish lawyer Raphäel Lemkin in 1944 in his book Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. Genocide Background Secretary-General visits Auschwitz-Birkenau, Poland. ![]() A four-armed behemoth, Goro is - according to the video games - Prince of the subterranean realm of Shokan, and one of the top lieutenants to Outworld sorcerer Shang Tsung and emperor Shao Kahn. Warner Bros will release Mortal Kombat in theaters + on HBO Max starting April 16th this spring. Goro is one of Mortal Kombats most iconic villains, but the characters use in the 2021 reboot was much worse than in the 1995 original movie. Produced by James Wan, Todd Garner, Simon McQuoid, E. Based on the video game created by Ed Boon and John Tobias. The screenplay is written by Greg Russo and Dave Callaham, from a story by Oren Uziel and Greg Russo. Cole Young vs Goro Fight Scene ('Badass Suit, Dad')Scene From The Movie: 'Mortal Kombat' (2021)Movie CLIP 4K ULTRA HD Original title: 'Mortal Kombat' Rel. This new Mortal Kombat is directed by Australian filmmaker Simon McQuoid, making his feature directorial debut after working in the video game industry (on Call of Duty and Playstation ads, etc). Concerned for the safety of his family, he seeks out a clique of fighters that were chosen to defend Earthrealm in a high-stakes battle against the forces of Outworld in a inter-dimensional fighting tournament that occurs once in a generation. You can still watch the first full trailer for McQuoid's Mortal Kombat here, to see even more footage.Ī washed-up mixed martial arts fighter named Cole Young is unaware of his hidden lineage or why he is being hunted down by Sub-Zero of the Lin-Kuei clan of assassins. ![]() Here's a few more international TV spots for Simon McQuoid's Mortal Kombat, direct from YouTube: Anderson thinks its animatronic Goro nevertheless holds up fairly well. These new spots give us our first look at Goro, plus Scorpion yelling the classic "Get over here!" line + extra shots of various characters. Budget cuts initially affected the 1995 film’s fight scenes, but Mortal Kombat director Paul W.S. Shop scary movies, video games and more for Halloween. The main cast: Lewis Tan as Cole Young, Jessica McNamee as Sonya Blade, Josh Lawson as Kano, Tadanobu Asano as Raiden, Ludi Lin as Liu Kang, Mehcad Brooks as Jax Briggs, Chin Han as Shang Tsung, Joe Taslim as Sub-Zero, Hiroyuki Sanada as Scorpion, Sisi Stringer as Mileena, and Max Huang as Kung Lao. Mortal Kombat: Goro 6 - GameStop Exclusive: Statues - FREE DELIVERY possible on. Well-known, king-sized actor and voice artist Kevin Michael Richardson was born in Bronx, New York. Brutal R-rated violence galore, lots of impressive fight VFX, I am so ready for this to hit the big screen. It’s been a big week for Mortal Kombat, with the James Wan-produced movie officially earning its R rating (for strong bloody violence, naturally) and the marketing confirming that. Kevin Michael Richardson, Actor: Mortal Kombat. This brand new live-action movie based on the classic fighting video game has been in the works for years, ever since that short film Mortal Kombat: Rebirth shook up WB and got them to start working on it. "We need to fight before it's too late." Warner Bros has released a number of new TV spots for the Mortal Kombat movie, set for release this April in both theaters + on HBO Max. Leo continues to disapprove of his son's fashion sense and his overall appearance. Leo asks Forrest what he is doing outside of his Deeprealm, which he replies that he came to buy some materials to make clothing. Forrest formally introduces himself to his aunt and she is left stunned by his exquisite fashion sense. Forrest greets his father, but Elise is left confused as his appearance makes her think that Leo had a second child. Niles tells him that the town up ahead is being attacked by bandits, and that a "beautiful woman" is healing the wounded. In his Paralogue, Leo and Elise decide to pay a visit to his Deeprealm, however, Leo is less than eager to see him. ![]() Even though Forrest knew that boys did not wear skirts and dresses, he learned to make feminine clothing and continued to wear them. It was at this moment that Forrest began learning about fashion and learned how to sew over the years in his Deeprealm. Forrest was so enamored by it, he decided to wear it and Leo called him cute in it. One day, Elise gave one of her old hand-me-down dresses to one of Forrest's caretakers. During his time in his Deeprealm, Forrest developed an interest in fashion as well as a strong bond with his aunt, Elise. Like the other children of Fates, Forrest was placed in the Deeprealms to protect him from the war. 7 Choose Your Legends Placement Historyįorrest is the son of Leo and the cousin of Siegbert, as well as one of the two grandsons of Garon.3.8.3 Maternal Inheritance and Tertiary Class.3.2.1 Xenologue 17 - III: The Changing Tide. ![]() This would help to explain any continuity errors! (Also tweaked a little of the writing here and there in this post…was I half-asleep when I wrote the final version? Geez. It’s not a major, game-breaking oversight, just one that tickled me when I first saw their English S support event!ĮDIT: From various readers, I have heard that Awakening and Fates were translated and localised by two different companies. Uhm…oops? The ring has morphed into a bracelet, yet it’s obvious that Selena recognises it. ![]() It’s definitely the same bracelet! Since they changed it to a ring in the English version of Awakening, you’d expect that it would be a ring in the English version of Fates, but the localisation team for Fates must have forgotten about the change, wasn’t aware of it, or didn’t realise it was supposed to be the same item of jewellery… Laslow: “I’ve been taking good care of it all this time, so that I could give it to you someday.” Laslow: “I’ve got this bracelet, but… Won’t you accept it?” The Japanese version makes it pretty clear that the bracelet Laslow gives to Selena in their S event is the same one that he tried to give her in their Awakening A support. The timelime assumes that Inigo and Severa never reached S support, so Inigo has held on to the item of jewellery. ![]() Inigo and Severa are now living in Nohr, under the names Laslow and Selena. No biggie.įast forward a few years, to the setting of Fates. So, for whatever reason, the bracelet was changed to a ring in the English version. It’s a bracelet ( 腕輪) that I think would suit you well.” Severa rejects the ring, but asks for it in their S support convo, where it becomes a symbol of their feelings for each other.īut in the Japanese version of the game, i t isn’t a ring that he tried to give her, but a bracelet! (Taken from this Youtube video, ‘cuz I still don’t own a copy of the English version.) They both end with 輪, which just adds to confusion!Īnyway, in the English version of the game, Inigo buys a ring for Severa, as an accessory to help add to her cuteness. “Bracelet” is 腕輪 ( udewa) and “ring” is 指輪 ( yubiwa). To start off, the Japanese words for “bracelet” and “ring” do look very similar. In Fire Emblem Awakening, we were introduced to Inigo and Severa, a young man and young woman who are among the child-generation characters. Localisation Change & Oversight (?) Lazlow(Inigo)/Selena(Severa) Support Convo ![]() Work on your costumer service and learn to treat every one with respect. The experience is just as important as the tattoo. He already had his money so didnt seem to care. Seemed like he was doing anything and everything not to finish the tattoo. Jade would make him go there and then he said he forgot to put it on the schedule or there was an error. Took NINE times of going back and fourth to the shop. I had a friend who went after my experience because the work was good. He talked about costumers who were in the shop so disrespectfully and literally was making fun of the people walking in ! If he says that about these people what does he say about anyone behind their back ?! Let alone when you are in the middle of working on a client. I ended up staying and getting a tattoo by Jade, which as I said the work is good, but the attitude was a no go. Although the tattoo I received was good quality, the customer service was appalling ! I had given my deposit to a tattoo artist who actually ended up leaving, no one reached me about it and when I finally was able to get a hold of anyone it was a pretty much a sorry for your luck situation. I will never be going back here nor recommend this place to anyone. HEY JADE, keep my $60 and hire yourself some trustworthy artists that hold true to their word and communicate. I will NEVER recommend ANYONE EVER to this lousy and poorly managed shop. Therefor the owner is harboring a thief and is OK with that. He told me he will not refund my deposit because "it is company policy for over a decade." So basically the OWNER of the shop told me over the phone that it is OK that his employee pretty much stole my deposit because I never saw a drawling or received any inkwork. ![]() He was a complete rude dick from the get go. Here we are, halfway through May and Andy still has my deposit. I also tried via E-mail but again, zero response. Time went by and i tried to contact Andy via phone at the shop but he was always busy tattooing and NEVER returned any phone calls. At this point I had had enough and fired andy as my new local artist. When I first gave andy the deposit he told me it was for his drawling time. This time Andy canceled on me, still no drawling. During this sit down we rescheduled for the following weekend again. (2nd time) Why he could not have asked me these questions over the phone throughout the say 5 weeks that went by, i have no idea. He then told me he has yet to drawl anything and he wanted me to come in for a sit down discussion about the piece again. He failed to get back to me at all until a week later I called the shop. I waited a couple weeks and contacted Andy via email about rescheduling hoping he had time to come up with something. I canceled that appointment on the artist because it was a day and a half prior to my appointment and Andy failed to have any correspondence with me regarding the drawling. My appointment was scheduled for the following weekend. It all started back the first week of February when I gave Andy $60 as a deposit. (248) 855-1313 to schedule a tattoo or body art service with us today.Hands down the worst studio I have ever interacted with. Choose one of our beautiful designs or bring your own for a more personal touch. ![]() Stand out and show pride for your body by getting a tattoo from us. Thinking about getting some more piercings, can’t wait! :) Thank you Tattoo 13 you guys are awesome. Loved the place so much, it’s very clean yet sterile. I got my dermal piercings done by a professional yet artistic tattoo artist, I thought these piercings would be painful, but turned out to be the opposite. “Love Tattoo 13! By far the best tattoo place I have been to. Our customers can attest to the artistry and professionalism of our artists. With award-winning tattoo artists and body piercing specialists in our team, we have become known as the best tattoo studio in the area. Tattoo 13 has been inking and piercing beautiful body art and jewelry for five years. We have a state-of-the-art tattoo studio that we keep clean to make sure you are safe and comfortable whenever you come in for our services. We are a team of award-winning tattoo artists and body piercing specialists dedicated to the creation of amazing body art and jewelry. Get incredible tattoos and body piercings at Tattoo 13 in Farmington Hills, MI. Can fully replace NoScript in advanced mode and outperform it, whilst offering more features.Has many filter lists built in, with EasyList, Peter Lowe’s Ad server list, EasyPrivacy, and Malware domains enabled by default. UBlock Origin is a lightweight and low-resource adblocker. Multi Account Containers is an extension by mozilla that lets you filter your browser's cookies into "groups".ĬlearURLs is a extension that automatically removes useless tracking elements from URLs Prepared rules for uBlock Origin/uMatrix. Prevents unnecessary 3rd party requests to Google, StackPath, MaxCDN and more. jQuery, Bootstrap, AngularJS) and delivers them as local resource. LocalCDN is an updated fork of Decentraleyes, emulates remote frameworks (e.g. Warning: With Firefox having a new addon engine with Version 57 and above, some of these addons may no longer work! Adblocking, privacy, and security Can be run on any modern Firefox or Firefox fork (Including Waterfox, Pale Moon and SeaMonkey). Can be downloaded using the Classic Add-ons Archive. Is a legacy add-on, and can only be used on a Firefox fork that supports legacy add-ons (Waterfox, Pale Moon, SeaMonkey). Luckily, the Pale Moon team have a working archive of (almost) all the legacy add-ons, which you can install and use as an add-on in the aforementioned browsers. Some browsers such as Pale Moon and SeaMonkey, however, preserve the support for these legacy add-ons. Starting with Firefox 57, add-ons using XUL were no longer supported. The Tor Browser Bundle is a package designed specifically to visit Onion sites and to browse the Internet through the Tor network.Īdd-Ons WebExtension support and legacy add-ons.He has art and has written furry stories. Note: it's made by a furry who has a fursona named Moonchild. For a complete list of the differences between Pale Moon and Firefox, see this page. Pale Moon is offered in both 32-bit and 64-bit builds, and uses a fork of the Gecko rendering engine called Goanna. Pale Moon is a dead fork of Firefox ESR dedicated to providing an optimized Firefox with the classic user interface layout of the v3.6.x series.In addition to removing and replacing the copyrighted or trademarked parts of Firefox, the maintainer has added a couple of minor privacy and security features. GNU IceCat is a fork maintained by the GNU Project for those who happen to be of one mind with Richard Stallman.For more information, go to .ĭue to the free and open source nature of its code base, Firefox has given rise to several forks. Regarding experimental features, Mozilla gives you the option to install an extension that allows you to enable them before they come enabled out of the box, if they ever make it to the stable branch. It remains static for approximately one year after a major release, receiving new code only in the form of security and stability patches. The Extended support release or ESR branch of Firefox is geared towards large organizations who require long-term support for mass deployments, but it is can also be a good option for the technologically illiterate.As the name implies, Nightly typically receives patches on a day-to-day basis and new features as soon as they become ready. It represents the bleeding edge of Firefox development, so the likelihood of encountering instability, security vulnerabilities, and major bugs is high. The Nightly or pre-alpha branch is intended for testing and debugging purposes.Some instability and bugs should be expected. The Developer Edition or alpha branch of Firefox replaced the Aurora branch and is geared towards Web developers and includes extra development tools and a special theme.In the course of a typical six week beta run, there are between seven and thirteen builds released. It is generally quite stable with most remaining bugs being specific to certain configurations or drivers. The Beta branch of Firefox is geared towards home users who want to try new features a few weeks early while contributing to Firefox development.It receives a major update every four weeks if all goes according to plan, but security and stability patches are issued as needed in the meantime. The Release branch of Firefox is geared towards the the average home or office Web user.These are Release, Beta, Dev Edition, Nightly, and ESR. Mozilla offers five officially compiled branches or channels of Firefox. Please use Pale Moon for those olde-skool aesthetics. It will no longer receive security or stability updates. Unfortunately, the v3.6.x series of Firefox is now unsupported. 3.3.1 Adblocking, privacy, and security.3.1 WebExtension support and legacy add-ons. ![]() ![]() Located on the North Shore of Oahu, Ho Farms has been delivering some of the freshest fruit on the island for year. Do know that you have to commit to a minimum of eight subscription boxes (so eight weeks or sixteen weeks) when you sign up. Radishes, kale, carrots, cilantro – they’re stocked up on all of them! And just like their neighbor, Kahumana Farms, Ma‘o Organic Farms is committed to helping both the land and the community.įarm Tours: Ma‘o Organic Farms does not have farm tours.ĬSA Program: Yes, Ma‘o Organic Farms does have a CSA program! You can get a box stocked with some of the freshest fruits and vegetables delivered to a pick-up site close to you. Ma‘o Organic Farms is also located in Waianae, and this Hawaii farm produces just about every fruit and vegetable that you can think of. In addition to its CSA program, Kahumana Farms is also offering nutritious takeout from their farm-to-table caféduring the COVID-19 crisis. After choosing whether you want your delicious box of fresh produce to be weekly or bi-weekly, you can pick up your box from the farm or have it delivered closer to home for an additional fee. ![]() Both include a tour of this amazing farm, and the farm to table tour includes an additional three-course, farm-to-table meal.ĬSA Program: Yes, Kahumana Farms does have a CSA program! There are two main options: the fresh harvest box, which includes fruits and vegetables, or the fruit box, which includes a bunch of amazing local fruits. Kahumana Farms becomes even more amazing when you find out about their mission to help those transitioning from homelessness, those with disabilities, and other groups who may need a little extra support.įarm Tours: Kahumana Farms offers two different tours: the farm-to-table tour ($75 per adult, $50 per child) and the farm tour ($40 per adult, $15 per child). ![]() This Hawaii farm provides customers with amazing fresh finds, including apple bananas, papayas, green onions, squash, coconut, and so much more. They used mostly locally-sourced goods for their decor which is something that makes us happy! Cat’s bridesmaids wore mismatched dresses that complimented the tropical decor so well.Situated in Waianae, Kahumana Farms is a great go-to farm for those on the West side of Oahu. Their modern tropical inspired decor was brilliantly put together by their floral artist and wedding designer. He proposed with Cat’s mother’s original engagement ring, which he was able to track down from her dad. They hired their own boat for the day to tour the lake and the villas. The Proposal: Alex proposed in the middle of Lake Como during their trip to Bellagio. Punakea Palms, a family operated coconut farm located in the foothills of the West Maui Mountains was the perfect wedding venue for their celebration of love. And together, they wanted something warm and outdoors in the sunshine, and also something more on the relaxed side but still private and beautiful. Our bride, Cat wanted something very green and lush for her Maui wedding. From here an investigation will be opened under a docket and the extortionist will be arrested and charged if there is enough evidence. In order to prosecute a crime of extortion, it is vital to take the step and lay a charge at a police station.
In fact, large conjugated oligomers (e.g., tetrathiophene, acenes) have been successfully incorporated into 2D OIHPs, yet only with the n = 1 phase 8, 13, 16. This improved light absorption could potentially increase the current of 2D OIHP based solar cells and further boost their efficiency. Ideally, one would like to replace such aliphatic ammoniums with functional organics, for example, conjugated oligomers that would absorb a complementary portion of the solar spectrum to that of the inorganic framework. However, these aliphatic ammoniums are electrically insulating and not light absorbing. Perhaps due to the easy accessibility of simple aliphatic ammoniums (e.g., butylammonium, C 4H 9-NH 3 +, BA), most 2D OIHP based solar cells of high efficiency have employed them as spacer cations 25, 28, 31. However, 2D OIHP solar cells have recently been demonstrated with significant high efficiency via a couple of methods such as hot-casting 28 and using additives 25, 31, 33, 34, 35, due to presumably achieved vertical alignment of the inorganic slabs. This would significantly hinder the charge transport in the vertical direction and result in a lower efficiency 9, 28, 32. However, these 2D layered perovskites, having the insulating organic cations separating these inorganic slabs, tend to adopt an orientation where these inorganic slabs would be aligned in parallel to the substrate. The lead halide-based 2D OIHPs, which have a general formula of (RNH 3) 2MA n–1Pb nX 3 n+1, have attracted much attention as alternative photovoltaic materials because of their improved stability 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32. Given the vast design space for both organic and inorganic frameworks, more “exotic” functions have also been envisioned with 2D OIHPs, including singlet fission, up conversion, among others 8, 13, 18, 22, 23. Depending upon the energy levels and band gaps, these conjugated organics can contribute to light absorption and emission, and/or facilitate charge transfer between the organic and the inorganic framework 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21. As to the organics, a variety of conjugated molecule based ammoniums have been incorporated into 2D OIHPs, including oligothiophenes 13, acenes 14, 15, 16, and fullerenes 17. The inorganic framework can empower the 2D OIHPs with desirable properties such as high charge carrier mobility along the sheet-like inorganic framework 4, and the layered structure of such 2D OIHPs enables appreciable tunability in quantum confined properties (e.g., band gap, exciton binding energy) by varying the thickness of the inorganic layer 10, 11, 12. Two-dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs), with a perspective of combining properties of both inorganic frameworks and versatile organics towards creating functional hybrid materials, have been studied since the 1980s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. This work provides key missing information on how spacer cations exert influence on desirable electronic properties and device performance of two-dimensional perovskites via the weak and cooperative interactions of these cations in the crystal lattice. Here we demonstrate that the selection of spacer cations (i.e., selective fluorination of phenethylammonium) affects the film properties of two-dimensional perovskites, leading to different device performance of two-dimensional perovskite solar cells (average n = 4). Structural analysis reveals that different packing arrangements and orientational disorder of the spacer cations result in orientational degeneracy and different formation energies, largely explaining the difference in film properties. However, how the chemical nature of the organic cations affects the properties of two-dimensional perovskites and devices is rarely reported. Chemical tuning of spacer organic cations has attracted great interest due to their additional functionalities. Two-dimensional perovskites have emerged as more intrinsically stable materials for solar cells. |
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